
The English when has three likely German equivalents: wenn, wann, or als. The question is, which to use when. Generally, it is relatively simple:
The following charts summarize this:
| ZEIT | if (condition) | if ("whether") |
whenever (recurrence) | when (interrogative) |
when (conjunction) |
| PAST | wenn | ob | wenn | wann | als |
| PRESENT | wenn | ob | wenn | wann | wenn |
| FUTURE | wenn | ob | wenn | wann | wenn |
Here is the same chart, the other way around:
| ZEIT ==> | PRESENT | FUTURE | PAST |
| if (conditional) | wenn | wenn | wenn |
| if (whether) | ob | ob | ob |
| whenever (recurrence) | wenn | wenn | wenn |
| when (interrogative) | wann | wann | wann |
| when (conjunction) | wenn | wenn | als |
| German ==> English | |
| ob | whether, if |
| als | when + any past tense, for singular events |
| wenn | when, if, whenever, for repeated events (usually present, but also in past tenses!) |
| wann | when, asking for time information (direct or indirect questions) |
| English ==> German | |
| whether | ob |
| if | ob when you can substitute it
with whether wenn if you can substitute it with whenever |
| when | wenn when you can substitute
it with if or, better, whenever, and if it is a
recurring event (any tense) als if it is a single event in any past tense (usually simple past, sometimes present perfect) wann in direct or indirect questions, asking for time |
| whenever | wenn if conditional |
BEISPIELE
Sometimes several "solutions" are possible, depending on the context. context. A rule of thumb would be to try to add "oder nicht" ("or not"). If you can, then use "ob" (since "ob" implies a negation: "if... (or not)".
Weißt du, ___ er kommt?
Concerning the difference ALS - WENN (in past tense):
ATTENTION
It is possible to use als with present tense,
however, this does not occur very often. When it does, it is
used in the (literary) narration of present events to create
sense of immediacy:
Als er ins Haus kommt, ist seine Freundin schon weg.
As he enters the house his girl friend is gone.
Word Order
As far as word order with als/wenn/wann/ob is concerned, review this page.
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If you cannot enter special characters directly: * Cut & Paste the appropriate character from here: ß - Ä - ä - Ö - ö - Ü - ü * Or, for the "ß" use the capital letter "B" (or an "sz"), for umlauts use these transcriptions: ä = ae; Ä = AE; ü = ue etc. |
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