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German Grammar * Review & Exercises

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PAST PERFECT

The formation of past perfect ("Plusquamperfekt") is rather easy: you combine the past participle with the simple past tense form of the auxiliary haben or sein (for a review of their forms see the chart on the right; hence past perfect). Otherwise, review the present perfect for formation of participle, auxiliaries used, etc.
PERSON HABEN SEIN
ich
du
er/sie/es
hatte
hattest
hatte
war
warst
war
wir
ihr
sie/Sie
hatten
hattet
hatten
waren
wart
waren

PRESENT PERFECT Ich habe eine Hose gekauft. Ich bin nach Hause gefahren.
PAST PERFECT Ich hatte eine Hose gekauft. Ich war nach Hause gefahren.

The key issue here is usage. Past perfect is not used often, but you need to at least be able to recognize and identify it correctly when you encounter it.

Past perfect is employed when you have different actions, and one has been completed in the past before another (resulting) one started, for example:

Nachdem ich genug Geld gespart hatte, konnte ich eine Reise nach Asien machen.
After I had saved enough money I was able to travel to Asia.
Or:
Ich konnte eine Reise nach Asien machen, nachdem ich genug Geld gespart hatte.
I was able to travel to Asia, after I had saved enough money.

The process of saving has to be completed before the trip can be started. This sentence is in past perfect. Often, the conjunctions nachdem or bevor indicate such a situation. (Note that the finite verb in the respective phrase is at the end since both are subordinating conjunctions). The important aspect with bevor is that 'the other' phrase is possibly in past perfect (since that other action is the prior one that needed to be completed)!

Ich hatte genug Geld gespart, bevor ich eine Reise nach Asien machen konnte.
I had saved enough money before I could travel to Asia.
Conversely:
Bevor ich eine Reise nach Asien machen konnte, hatte ich genug Geld gespart.
Before I could travel to Asia I had saved enough money.

This sentence expresses the same idea as the one above, only the vantage point is different.

denn and weil are other conjunctions often used in such constructions (because there often is a causal relationship).

Note that with weil the conjugated verb is at the end; with denn it is not--it follows after the subject.


ÜBUNGEN

If you cannot enter special characters directly:
* Cut & Paste the appropriate character from here: ß - Ä - ä - Ö - ö - Ü - ü
* Or, for the "ß" use the capital letter "B" (or an "sz"), for umlauts use these transcriptions: ä = ae; Ä = AE; ü = ue etc.

A. Schreiben Sie die Sätze im Plusquamperfekt (past perfect).

1. Josef singt ein trauriges Lied.

2. Er weiß nichts davon.

3. Ich muß das machen.

4. Wohin fährst du?

5. Wir besuchen unsere Eltern.

B. Combine these sentences. Do not forget a) to consider the 'logic' of the situation, b) to use a conjunction (nachdem, bevor, weil, denn), c) and to use the correct tense(s).

1. Sie zieht sich aus. Sie geht ins Bett. (bevor)

2. Sie ist sehr müde. Sie schläft schlecht. (denn)

3. (nachdem) Bert war lange krank. Jetzt arbeitet er wieder.

4. (weil) Ich kaufe viel ein. Ich habe kein Geld mehr.


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