
The verb "werden" (conjugation) has three major uses:
| Person | PRESENT | IMPERFECT |
| ich du er/sie/es (man) |
werde wirst wird |
wurde wurdest wurde |
| wir ihr sie/Sie |
werden werdet werden |
wurden wurdet wurden |
Typically, statements are expressed in active voice:
Both statements describe what Peter does.
The passive is not used a lot (in German, and even less in English), but it is used and it fulfills a specific function. Therefore, it is important to at least be able to identify constructions using passive voice.
The passive exists in all times (and moods). It is formed using the past particple of the verb plus the auxiliary werden. Therefore, you want to be familiar with their forms.
The following chart lists all tenses (in indicative mood). Note that the participle of werden is geworden, however, in passive for perfect tenses the form worden is used. Also note the two forms of werden in future (one for future, one for passive).
| AKTIV Präsens | Anna holt Peter ab. Anna picks up Peter. |
| Passiv Präsens | Peter wird von Anna abgeholt. Peter is being picked up by Anna. |
| Passiv Imperfekt | Peter wurde von Anna abgeholt. Peter was being picked up by Anna. |
| Passiv Perfekt | Peter ist von Anna abgeholt worden. Peter has been picked up by Anna. |
| Passiv Plusquamperfekt | Peter war von Anna abgeholt worden. Peter had been picked up by Anna. |
| Passiv Futur | Peter wird von Anna abgeholt werden. Peter will be picked up by Anna. |
Vorsicht:
SUBJEKT vs. AGENT
Subject is grammatical subject; agent is factual subject, who really did it.
An agent can be introduced with:
Often, the subject is omitted altogether:
= Starship Enterprise wurde angegriffen. (Starship Enterprise was attacked).
We do not need to or we do not (yet) know who attacked, but we can still state who/what was attacked. Thus, the passive is used when the subject is not known or should not be known (for whatever reason). It is used to describe anonymous processes and instructions, for example in user manuals.
Likewise, think of the phrase "Ich wurde geboren" (I was born). You were there, but rather passive... Or "New Orleans wurde von Katrina zerstört" (N.O. was destroyed by Katrina = Katrina destroyed N.O.). Passive voice appropriately mirrors the situation (a passive city having to wait what the hurricane might do to it).
Passive is normally not possible with intransitive verbs (such as "gehen" etc.) nor reflexive verbs ("sich verletzen"y etc.).
PASSIVE & MODAL VERBS
Normally, passive describes an action. There is a variant that describes a result; this is called statal (or sometimes 'false') passive. It is formed using "sein".
Note that not all constructions that look like the above are necessarily statal passive. As a matter of fact, it is rarely used (and mostly in present or simple past tense, although possible in all tenses).
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