
The meaning of a verb (and thus a sentence) can be modified by using modal verbs. German has six modal verbs: können - müssen - dürfen - wollen - sollen - mögen
Modal verbs conjugate as follows. Note that modal verbs have an 'irregular' conjugation pattern in singular, that is, there is no umlaut from the infinitive.
| MODAL VERB ==> | können | müssen | dürfen | wollen | sollen | mögen |
| ich du er/sie/es |
kann kannst kann |
muß mußt muß |
darf darfst darf |
will willst will |
soll sollst soll |
mag magst mag |
| wir ihr sie/Sie |
können könnt können |
müssen müßt müssen |
dürfen dürft dürfen |
wollen wollt wollen |
sollen sollt sollen |
mögen mögt mögen |
These modal verbs modify the main verb (the action) of a phrase as follows:
| MODAL VERB | WHAT IT EXPRESSES | BASIC ENGLISH TRANSLATION |
| können | ability | can, to be able to |
| müssen | compulsion | must, to have to |
| dürfen | permission | may, to be allowed to |
| wollen | intention, desire | to want, to intend |
| sollen | obligation | should, ought to, to be supposed to |
| mögen | preference, inclination | to like, to prefer |
Examples
Usually, modal verbs require a so-called dependent infinitive (the verb they are modifying). This "main verb" is at the end of the phrase (in a main clause) in its infinitive form:
When the dependent infinitive is clear (implied from context or by general assumption) it does not have to be spelled out:
SOME DETAILS
ABER: You must not do that! = Du darfst (sollst) das nicht machen!
[You are not supposed/not allowed to do that.]
==> must not = nicht dürfen/sollen
a) and b) works similar to "to have" [haben] and "to have to"
[müssen]).
c) Because "I need not do it" can be expressed as
"I do not have to do it", the translation would be the same:
==> not to have to = nicht müssen, nicht brauchen (usually)
This is for the negation only. There is a small difference in meaning:
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