
The English word "but" has two German equivalents: aber (but) and sondern (but, but instead, on the contrary). When do we use which? Generally, aber will be the likely choice, so we need to determine whether sondern could be required (so this works by elimination). There are two criteria for sondern, and BOTH have to apply. If either or both do not apply, use aber as default.
An Example
Recap: "sondern" really is "but instead", and it is a reply to a negative statement (Wir verkaufen keine Autos, sondern Motorräder. - We do not sell cars, but [instead, we sell] motorcycles.)
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